Topics
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- JEL A1: General Economics
- JEL A2: Economic Education and Teaching of Economics
- AP Econ Textbook
- Economic Misconceptions
- JEL A20: General
- JEL A21: Pre-college
- JEL A21-11: Economic Education Websites
- JEL A21-12: Economic Education Website reviews
- JEL A21-1: Elementary School
- JEL A21-2: Middle School
- JEL A21-3: Secondary School
- JEL A21-4: AP Economics
- JEL A22: Undergraduate
- JEL A23: Graduate
- JEL A29: Other
- JEL A3: Collective Works
- JEL C0: General
- JEL C1: Econometric and Statistical Methods
- JEL C2: Single Equation Models; Single Variables
- JEL C20: General
- JEL C21: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
- JEL C22: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
- JEL C23: Models with Panel Data
- JEL C24: Truncated and Censored Models
- JEL C25: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
- JEL C29: Other
- JEL C3: Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models
- JEL C30: General
- JEL C31: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions
- JEL C32: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions
- JEL C33: Models with Panel Data
- JEL C34: Truncated and Censored Models
- JEL C35: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors
- JEL C39: Other
- JEL C4: Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
- JEL C5: Econometric Modeling
- JEL C6: Mathematical Methods and Programming
- JEL C60: General
- JEL C61: Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
- JEL C62: Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
- JEL C63: Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
- JEL C65: Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
- JEL C67: Input—Output Models
- JEL C68: Computable General Equilibrium Models
- JEL C69: Other
- JEL C7: Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
- JEL C8: Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
- JEL C80: General
- JEL C81: Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data
- JEL C82: Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data
- JEL C83: Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
- JEL C87: Econometric Software
- JEL C88: Other Computer Software
- JEL C89: Other
- JEL C9: Design of Experiments
- JEL D0: General
- JEL D1: Household Behavior and Family Economics
- JEL D2: Production and Organizations
- JEL D3: Distribution
- JEL D4: Market Structure and Pricing
- JEL D5: General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
- JEL D6: Welfare Economics
- JEL D7: Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
- JEL D70: General
- JEL D71: Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
- JEL D72: Models of Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- JEL D73: Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
- JEL D74: Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
- JEL D78: Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
- JEL D79: Other
- JEL D8: Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
- JEL D80: General
- JEL D81: Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- JEL D82: Asymmetric and Private Information
- JEL D83: Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
- JEL D84: Expectations; Speculations
- JEL D85: Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
- JEL D86: Economics of Contract: Theory
- JEL D87: Neuroeconomics
- JEL D89: Other
- JEL D9: Intertemporal Choice and Growth
- JEL E0: General
- JEL E1: General Aggregative Models
- JEL E2: Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
- JEL E20: General
- JEL E21: Consumption; Saving; Wealth
- JEL E22: Capital; Investment; Capacity
- JEL E23: Production
- JEL E24: Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
- JEL E25: Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- JEL E26: Informal Economy; Underground Economy
- JEL E27: Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL E29: Other
- JEL E3: Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
- JEL E4: Money and Interest Rates
- JEL E40: General
- JEL E41: Demand for Money
- JEL E42: Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
- JEL E43: Determination of Interest Rates; Term Structure of Interest Rates
- JEL E44: Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- JEL E47: Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL E49: Other
- JEL E5: Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- JEL E6: Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
- JEL E60: General
- JEL E61: Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
- JEL E62: Fiscal Policy
- JEL E63: Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization
- JEL E64: Incomes Policy; Price Policy
- JEL E65: Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
- JEL E66: General Outlook and Conditions
- JEL E69: Other
- JEL F0: General
- JEL F1: Trade
- JEL F10: General
- JEL F11: Neoclassical Models of Trade
- JEL F12: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
- JEL F13: Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
- JEL F14: Country and Industry Studies of Trade
- JEL F15: Economic Integration
- JEL F16: Trade and Labor Market Interactions
- JEL F17: Trade Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL F18: Trade and Environment
- JEL F19: Other
- JEL F2: International Factor Movements and International Business
- JEL F3: International Finance
- JEL F30: General
- JEL F31: Foreign Exchange
- JEL F32: Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
- JEL F33: International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- JEL F34: International Lending and Debt Problems
- JEL F35: Foreign Aid
- JEL F36: Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
- JEL F37: International Finance Forecasting and Simulation
- JEL F39: Other
- JEL F4: Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
- JEL F5: International Relations and International Political Economy
- JEL F50: General
- JEL F51: International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions
- JEL F52: National Security; Economic Nationalism
- JEL F53: International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
- JEL F54: Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
- JEL F55: International Institutional Arrangements
- JEL F59: International Relations and International Political Economy: Other
- JEL G0: General
- JEL G1: General Financial Markets
- JEL G10: General
- JEL G11: Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
- JEL G12: Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
- JEL G13: Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
- JEL G14: Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- JEL G15: International Financial Markets
- JEL G17: Financial Forecasting
- JEL G18: Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL G19: Other
- JEL G2: Financial Institutions and Services
- JEL G20: General
- JEL G21: Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
- JEL G22: Insurance; Insurance Companies
- JEL G23: Pension Funds; Other Private Financial Institutions
- JEL G24: Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
- JEL G28: Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL G29: Other
- JEL G3: Corporate Finance and Governance
- JEL G30: General
- JEL G31: Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
- JEL G32: Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure
- JEL G33: Bankruptcy; Liquidation
- JEL G34: Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
- JEL G35: Payout Policy
- JEL G38: Government Policy and Regulation
- JEL G39: Other
- JEL H0: General
- JEL H1: Structure and Scope of Government
- JEL H2: Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- JEL H20: General
- JEL H21: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
- JEL H22: Incidence
- JEL H23: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL H24: Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL H25: Business Taxes and Subsidies
- JEL H26: Tax Evasion
- JEL H27: Other Sources of Revenue
- JEL H29: Other
- JEL H3: Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
- JEL H4: Publicly Provided Goods
- JEL H5: National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
- JEL H50: General
- JEL H51: Government Expenditures and Health
- JEL H52: Government Expenditures and Education
- JEL H53: Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
- JEL H54: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
- JEL H55: Social Security and Public Pensions
- JEL H56: National Security and War
- JEL H57: Procurement
- JEL H59: Other
- JEL H6: National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
- JEL H7: State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
- JEL H70: General
- JEL H71: State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- JEL H72: State and Local Budget and Expenditures
- JEL H73: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
- JEL H74: State and Local Borrowing
- JEL H75: State and Local Government: Health, Education, and Welfare
- JEL H76: State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
- JEL H77: Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
- JEL H79: Other
- JEL H8: Miscellaneous Issues
- JEL J0: General
- JEL J1: Demographic Economics
- JEL J10: General
- JEL J11: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
- JEL J12: Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
- JEL J13: Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- JEL J14: Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped
- JEL J15: Economics of Minorities and Races; Non-labor Discrimination
- JEL J16: Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- JEL J17: Value of Life; Forgone Income
- JEL J18: Public Policy
- JEL J19: Other
- JEL J2: Demand and Supply of Labor
- JEL J20: General
- JEL J21: Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- JEL J22: Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- JEL J23: Labor Demand
- JEL J24: Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- JEL J26: Retirement; Retirement Policies
- JEL J28: Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- JEL J29: Other
- JEL J3: Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- JEL J4: Particular Labor Markets
- JEL J5: Labor—Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
- JEL J50: General
- JEL J51: Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- JEL J52: Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
- JEL J53: Labor—Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- JEL J54: Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
- JEL J58: Public Policy
- JEL J59: Other
- JEL J6: Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies
- JEL J60: General
- JEL J61: Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- JEL J62: Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
- JEL J63: Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
- JEL J64: Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- JEL J65: Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
- JEL J68: Public Policy
- JEL J69: Other
- JEL J7: Labor Discrimination
- JEL J8: Labor Standards: National and International
- JEL L0: General
- JEL L1: Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- JEL L10: General
- JEL L11: Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
- JEL L12: Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
- JEL L13: Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
- JEL L14: Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
- JEL L15: Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
- JEL L16: Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
- JEL L17: Open Source Products and Markets
- JEL L19: Other
- JEL L2: Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- JEL L20: General
- JEL L21: Business Objectives of the Firm
- JEL L22: Firm Organization and Market Structure
- JEL L23: Organization of Production
- JEL L24: Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
- JEL L25: Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
- JEL L26: Entrepreneurship
- JEL L29: Other
- JEL L3: Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- JEL L4: Antitrust Issues and Policies
- JEL L40: General
- JEL L41: Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- JEL L42: Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
- JEL L43: Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- JEL L44: Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- JEL L49: Other
- JEL L5: Regulation and Industrial Policy
- JEL L6: Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- JEL L60: General
- JEL L61: Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- JEL L62: Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
- JEL L63: Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
- JEL L64: Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
- JEL L65: Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
- JEL L66: Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
- JEL L67: Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
- JEL L68: Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
- JEL L69: Other
- JEL L7: Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- JEL L8: Industry Studies: Services
- JEL L80: General
- JEL L81: Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
- JEL L82: Entertainment; Media
- JEL L83: Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
- JEL L84: Personal, Professional, and Business Services
- JEL L85: Real Estate Services
- JEL L86: Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
- JEL L87: Postal and Delivery Services
- JEL L88: Government Policy
- JEL L89: Other
- JEL L9: Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- JEL N0: General
- JEL N1: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Growth and Fluctuations
- JEL N2: Financial Markets and Institutions
- JEL N3: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Religion
- JEL N4: Government, War, Law, and Regulation
- JEL N5: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
- JEL N6: Manufacturing and Construction
- JEL N7: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
- JEL N8: Micro-Business History
- JEL N9: Regional and Urban History
- JEL O1: Economic Development
- JEL O10: General
- JEL O11: Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- JEL O12: Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- JEL O13: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
- JEL O14: Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
- JEL O15: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
- JEL O16: Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
- JEL O17: Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
- JEL O18: Regional, Urban, and Rural Analyses
- JEL O19: International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
- JEL O2: Development Planning and Policy
- JEL O3: Technological Change; Research and Development
- JEL O4: Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
- JEL O5: Economywide Country Studies
- JEL P0: General
- JEL P1: Capitalist Systems
- JEL P2: Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
- JEL P20: General
- JEL P21: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL P22: Prices
- JEL P23: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
- JEL P24: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- JEL P25: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
- JEL P26: Political Economy; Property Rights
- JEL P27: Performance and Prospects
- JEL P28: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
- JEL P29: Other
- JEL P3: Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
- JEL P30: General
- JEL P31: Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
- JEL P32: Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
- JEL P33: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- JEL P34: Financial Economics
- JEL P35: Public Economics
- JEL P36: Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health, Education and Training, Welfare, and Poverty
- JEL P37: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
- JEL P39: Other
- JEL P4: Other Economic Systems
- JEL P40: General
- JEL P41: Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- JEL P42: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
- JEL P43: Public Economics; Financial Economics
- JEL P44: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- JEL P45: International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- JEL P46: Consumer Economics; Welfare and Poverty
- JEL P47: Performance and Prospects
- JEL P48: Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights
- JEL P49: Other
- JEL P5: Comparative Economic Systems
- JEL Q0: General
- JEL Q1: Agriculture
- JEL Q10: General
- JEL Q11: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
- JEL Q12: Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
- JEL Q13: Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- JEL Q14: Agricultural Finance
- JEL Q15: Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation
- JEL Q16: R&D; Agricultural Technology; Agricultural Extension Services
- JEL Q17: Agriculture in International Trade
- JEL Q18: Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
- JEL Q19: Other
- JEL Q2: Renewable Resources and Conservation
- JEL Q3: Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
- JEL Q4: Energy
- JEL Q5: Environmental Economics
- JEL Q50: General
- JEL Q51: Valuation of Environmental Effects
- JEL Q52: Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
- JEL Q53: Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
- JEL Q54: Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming
- JEL Q55: Technological Innovation
- JEL Q56: Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
- JEL Q57: Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
- JEL Q58: Government Policy
- JEL Q59: Other
- JEL R0: General
- JEL R1: General Regional Economics
- JEL R10: General
- JEL R11: Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, and Changes
- JEL R12: Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
- JEL R13: General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
- JEL R14: Land Use Patterns
- JEL R15: Econometric and Input—Output Models; Other Models
- JEL R19: Other
- JEL R2: Household Analysis
- JEL R3: Production Analysis and Firm Location
- JEL R4: Transportation Systems
- JEL R5: Regional Government Analysis
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